It
probably says something about my preferences regarding animation
– an art form I love for its freedom, its unique way of presenting
its worlds and, in its short film status at least, its leaning
towards the sometimes wildly experimental – that when I attempted
to draw up a list of my 100 favourite animated films, there
wasn't a single work from Disney on it. Bits of Fantasia may well have made it if I was allowing bits, but I wasn't.
Since I escaped childhood, Uncle Walt and his company's habit
of giving insufferably cute human characteristics to animals,
playing narratives out to a formula, and lacing the storytelling
with increasingly horrible musical numbers has failed to engage
me on anything other than a superficial level, and in recent
years has completely lost me as a viewer. (The exception would
be John Lassiter's equally formulaic but undeniably witty
and energetic works, but I see these as Pixar films rather
than Disney ones in the true sense, despite the Disney umbrella
under which they were made and released – Pixar's recent split
with Disney goes some way to confirming that view.) It also
says as much about these preferences that there were four
Studio Ghibli films in my top 25 – the wonderful Tonari
no Totoro, the exhilarating Laputa: Castle
in the Sky, the gut-wrenchingly emotional Grave
of the Fireflies and, most recently, Spirited
Away. These decisions were not taken lightly – save
for Grave of the Fireflies, whose emotional
effect on me was so overpowering that I had to really steel
myself up for a second viewing, all of these films I have
watched between ten and fifteen times so far. And I have yet
to tire of a single magical second of any of them. I guess
it's a little ironic, then, that it is Disney who have picked
up the American distribution rights for all of Studio Ghibli's
works, including its impressive back catalogue.
I
came at Spirited Away with two distinct advantages
– as someone who is fascinated by, and thus familiar with,
all aspects of Japanese culture, including its animated films,
and as an already confirmed fan of the work of Studio Ghibli,
and especially Hayao Miyazaki. I say this is an advantage,
but I am surrounded by friends, students and colleagues who
have come at this film with little knowledge of the country
or its distinctive animation and never seen a single frame of Miyazaki's work, and yet their reactions
have been almost exclusively identical – they love it to bits. When I recently returned from Japan with an armful
of Studio Ghibli merchandise, everyone was begging
me to sell items to them, and on a film studies course a
colleague of mine teaches, more students chose to write
their auteur essays last year on Miyazaki than any other film-maker.
In these days of Tarantino over-exposure and an obsession
with off-the-peg cool over the actually worthwhile, I find
that very encouraging. This unification of opinion is also
extraordinary considering that Miyazaki tells very Japanese
stories for a primarily Japanese audience. The fact that
western viewers are required to work a little, and are apparently
very willing to do so, suggests an appeal above and beyond
the potentially parochial one in the storytelling and characters,
a more universal understanding that springs from our own childhood
experiences and dreams, and Miyazaki's desire to create a
film that is "for everyone who is, was, or will be 10
years old."
Spirited
Away opens on young, disgruntled Chihiro on the back seat of her parents'
car. They are moving to a new district, dislocating Chihiro from
her home and friends, and she is anything but happy about
it. By chance, or perhaps (as we later discover) pre-destiny,
Chihiro's father takes what he believes is a short cut, recklessly
driving along a secluded country lane until forced to halt
at the entrance to a dark tunnel. Curious at what they have
discovered, he and Chihiro's mother decide to investigate,
and Chihiro, under protest, eventually accompanies them. On
reaching the other side they find what the father believes
to be an abandoned amusement park, but on further investigation
they find signs of life, principally in the shape of a restaurant
loaded with food. Unable to resist and hungry from their journey,
Chihiro's father and mother sit down to eat, while Chihiro,
annoyed at the both their situation and her parents' refusal
to listen to her demands, walks off to investigate. It is
here that she encounters young Haku, who forcefully warns
her away. She rushes back to her parents and finds them, having
gorged themselves on the food, transformed into pigs. Clearly,
she is not in Kansas any more.
From
then on the story develops with an almost dream-like sense
of wonder and reality disassociation. Night falls, and the
previously derelict establishments of the town's main street
start to come alive, the street and its buildings filling
with ghostly figures. Chihiro flees, landing by the shore
of a huge lake bearing an approaching, light-covered steamboat,
from which more spirits disembark (in one of the many, many
beautiful touches to be found throughout the film, the spirits
emerge first as floating masks, their bodies
materialising only as they reach the shore). It is here that Chihiro
realises that with the gradual solidification of this new
reality, her own existence appears to be fading and that
her body is becoming increasingly transparent. It is the arrival
of Haku on the scene, who has already recognised her for what
she is, that brings protection in the shape of a food that
will give Chihiro substance in a world where she does not
belong.
Explanations
are slow in coming, as our voyage of discovery parallels that
of Chihiro. The town, it transpires, is a resort for the gods,
a place for them to rest from their duties in what presumably
Chihiro regards as the real world. Central to the town is
a bath house spa, a common (and frankly excellent) location
for extended relaxation in Japan, but here dedicated to providing
rest and sustenance for visiting deities of all shapes and
sizes. This provides Miyazaki and his collaborators with a
golden opportunity to create a world of wondrous creatures
within a recognisably earth-bound location. Imagine the Star
Wars cantina sequence multiplied by fifty. By the
time we reach this point, the film is already in a wonderland,
and and the rest of the story plays at the same imaginative
pitch, repeatedly evoking a dream-like world in which the fantastic
seems to co-exist quite naturally with the everyday.
This
richly inventive surface layering – every time I watch the
bath-house scenes I seem to see something new – is reflected
in the complex substructure and is evident even in the smallest moments.
Take when Chihiro first enters the bath-house with Haku, a scene that is essentially little more than them trying
to sneak in, being spotted, and running for it, which is exactly
how most western animated films would have played it, but Miyazaki isn't going to leave it at that. Chihiro
has been warned to hold her breath, as humans are detectable
here by their exhalations, but in attempting to do so she
is alarmed by an inquisitive toad, who springs to head-height
and almost immediately realises what she is. About to raise
the alarm, the toad is temporarily imprisoned in a globe that is
magically created by Haku, who grabs Chihiro's hand and, rather
than run, flies with her just inches from the ground, shooting
almost under the feet of passing geishas, and deposits her
by a door too small for most of the creatures in the building
to pass through. Putting the imagination and breathless energy of this sequence aside for a second, it also works for story,
character and subtext: we realise that humans are not just
outsiders here, but are effectively banned and that discovery
would carry serious consequences; we see Haku demonstrate
something of his powers and show that although he looks human,
he probably is not; we are introduced to the over-inquisitive
toad, whose nosiness and greed will later trigger off an allegorical
sub-story in the bath-house; we see recreated one of the most
vivid of dream images, that of being able to fly horizontally
just inches from the ground; we get a small moment for the
adults as the geishas the two pass under giggle at the kimono-raising
thrill of the experience; and the first hint is given that
there are doors and passageways all over this building, designed
for specific purposes and creatures, and that Haku has been
here long enough to know every one of them. The thing is,
this all happens in the space of just twenty-five seconds.
And this level of invention and attention to detail runs throughout
the two-hour-plus running time.
Many
of the film's most magical moments seem to be simply about
the imagination and technical excellence of their execution
– undeniably some are (and that in itself is no bad thing),
but more often than not they are about much more. At one point Haku, in the dragon form that we discover he is able to take, is being chased
by hundreds of paper planes that are inflicting increasing
levels of injury through thousands of paper cuts – this is an extraordinary
idea in itself (it is also beautifully animated), but a small
paper plane is also flat enough to slide through the gap between
two closed screens, and light enough to hitch a ride unnoticed on Chihiro's
back. When the plane metamorphoses into all-powerful bathhouse owner Yubaba's twin sister
Zinaba, a thematic link is made to the moment when Chihiro's
name, and thus her earthly identity, is lifted from her
work contract by Yubaba, and we later discover that Haku was
being chased because he stole Zinaba's seal, a device used
to give authoritative identity to (paper) documents, the very
substance of his attackers. And there are loads of sequences like this.
Other
scenes are more obviously allegorical, with Chihiro's fortune-turning
encounter with a 'stink god' – a wonderfully designed and
staged scene in itself – reflecting Miyazaki's own environmental
concerns, and elsewhere comments are made on greed, teamwork,
independence, ambition, family and friendship, and a fair few other topics.
Andrew Osmond, in his excellent Sight and Sound review,
made a case for seeing the story as a socialist parable, a
self-centred, middle class girl who finds humility, self-esteem
and liberation through industrial toil. It is surely no coincidence
that the name Yubaba gives to Chihiro after removing her true
identity is Sen, the Japanese word for One Thousand. Chihiro
has gone from being a person to a number, a worker whose identity is defined primarily by what she is required to do to
earn her keep. That she rises above this, works for the system
and eventually triumphs over it, marks her as a revolutionary
and an outsider who may not immediately change the way things
are run, but in her success will perhaps inspire others to
do likewise.
Also
running through the film are influences of the two main Japanese
religions of Buddhism and Shintoism, wholly appropriate given
the clientele of the bath house. The ten perfections of Buddhism
include Generosity, Morality, Wisdom, Energy, Patience and
Resolution, all of which Chihiro learns through her adventures,
and a quick glance at the Ten Precepts of Shintoism finds,
amongst others, 'Do not forget your obligations to ancestors',
'Do not forget forget the limitations of your own person'
and 'Do not be sluggish in your work', teachings that Chihiro
learns and develops during her time at the spa. One of the
film's many strengths is that all of this sits comfortably
but solidly beneath the surface, giving substance to the story
and purpose to the adventure. Although vividly memorable scenes abound,
few seem staged just for fun of doing so, generally contributing
in some way to the advancement of the narrative or the characters,
notably Chihiro herself.
This
is essentially Chihiro's story, and in that respect she makes
for a seemingly unlikely but delightfully effective heroine.
She learns to bury the initial bewilderment and terror at
what is happening to her, at first to survive, then
to advance herself, her ultimate goal being to free her parents
and regain her identity. The friendship she develops with
Haku is crucial to this, and again kicks against the traditional,
for though Haku is the old hand here, it is ultimately Chihiro
who fulfils the hero's role, and it is she who frees Haku
from the spell cast on him by Yubaba. The involvement of the
spiritual Kaonashi, or No-Face, is initially more mysterious.
During his time at the bath-house he feeds off of everyone's
worst traits, becoming fat on their greed, an increasingly
destructive transformation that explodes when Chihiro, already
a changed girl, shows no interest in the temptation (and possible
damnation) he represents and sacrifices a food that was destined
to re-transform her parents in order to rescue this essentially
lost soul. The torrent of vomiting that this provokes, especially
the projectile gunge assault on Yubaba, is the film's only
real wandering into the area of grotesque.
But
in the end what makes Spirited Away so special
is that it's an absolute joy to watch, and its quality as
a film entertainment can be measured in its fabulous attention
to detail, the loving care with which it has been executed
and the beguiling nature of its characters and storytelling.
Miyazaki draws here from a variety of sources, ranging from
childhood experiences and parental observation to folk tales
and the even works of Lewis Carol (also very evident in Tonari
no Totoro). Individual sequences and moments are
a delight, and need no understanding of subtextual motivation
to be thrilled by: Chihiro's hilarious encounter with the
work-shy soot-balls; her initially over-cautious but eventually
high-speed descent of an insanely long staircase; the delightful
antics of Yubaba's baby and winged companion once Zinaba has
turned them into a hamster and a tiny, flea-like bird (a lot of this happens on the edge
of frame or in the background and is only caught on subsequent
viewings); the three grunting heads,
presumably victims of an earlier Yubaba spell, who get a chance
to run riot with candy after their latest transformation;
the post rainfall railway whose lines lie just below the surface
of the water (a very strong childhood dream image); the glove-wearing,
squeaky lamp-post that greets the travelers and guides them
to Zinaba's house.... I could go on until my laptop's battery
ran out.
Adding
a dreamy finishing touch is yet another glorious score by
Miyazaki (and Takeshi Kitano) regular Joe Hisaishi. His music
brings and extra layer of excitement, mystery and even a sense
of loss and wonder, without ever slipping into mawkishness
or sentimentality. Special mention should also go to the hauntingly
beautiful end credits song by Yumi Kimura, a welcome alternative
to those damned Randy Newman tunes that bookend Pixar's otherwise
fine films.
That Spirited Away became the most commercially successful
film in Japanese history and the most successful Japanese
animation to hit foreign shores doesn't surprise me in the
least, and the only unexpected elements of the Oscar win are
that a) any of the voting members had actually seen a non-Disney
animation, and b) that anything this great could actually
win such a tacky gong. As with every film, in the end it's
all a matter of subjectivity – anyone who watched the shambolic
mess that was the BBC's first European Cinema Awards will
remember actor Robert Carlyle arguing against the inclusion
of both Spirited Away and Sylvain Chomet's Les Triplettes de Belleville on the basis
that no animated feature could seriously be regarded as a
great film. I beg to differ, as did the other
judges – Les Triplettes de Belleville won
it. Despite the undeniable brilliance of Chomet's film, for my money Spirited Away is even greater, a truly gorgeous
creation that comes
wondrously close to cinematic perfection.
Though
it may seem that 2D animated films, with their sometimes reduced colour range and more emphasised shape edges, should automatically
look good on DVD, other region 1 Miyazaki releases have come
in for some criticism for excessive edge enhancement. Thankfully,
there is none of that on display here – sharpness, contrast
and the largely pastel colour palette are just right, and
artefacts are rarely visible, despite the large areas of similar
colour common to cell animation. Both the US region 1 disc
reviewed here and its UK region 2 equivalent actually have
the edge on the Japanese disc, which displays a reddish hue
throughout that was certainly not evident on the cinema print.
The
optional English subtitles are very clear, and though sometimes
simplified from the Japanese dialogue and occasionally Americanised
(the use of the term 'honey', for example), on the whole they
offer a most reasonable translation. A second
subtitle track offering English for the hearing impaired is
of similar technical quality.
Though
this is Japanese film with a Japanese language track, Disney
have created an alternative English dub in which the japanese voices are replaced by those of American actors for
the US market, sometimes gratingly so. Both the Japanese original
and English language redub are included in virtually identical
5.1 mixes (the English language track seems to have a fraction
more oomph in places). It's all a matter of choice which track
you choose, but as far as I am concerned there is only one
option – if a film was made in Japan with a Japanese language
track then that is how it should play. The English language
dub sticks to the essentials of the Japanese original, but
puffs up the dialogue and sometimes 'adapts' it for the US
audience. This track also sounds more 'voiced' than the Japanese
original – there seems to have been little attempt to mix
the voice track so that it sounds 'on location', so to speak.
Even the French Dolby 2.0 dub sounds more part of the soundtrack
than the English language one.
Both
the Japanese and English 5.1 tracks are clear, well-mixed
and make reasonable, though not showy use of the soundstage.
Although front-weighted, some sound effects (usually atmospherics
such as rain, wind or river sounds) make use of the rear speakers,
and Joe Hisaishi's wonderful score comes at you from every
angle. Occasionally, such as a bird flapping in the tunnel
entrance to the alternate world, a sound effect will leap
from the rear speakers and catch you out. The French Dolby
2.0 track is serviceable, but lacks the fullness and crystal
clarity of the other two tracks.
Even
before you can get to the main menu there are two trailers.
The up side is that they are for other Ghibli releases Castle
in the Sky and Kiki's Delivery Service.
The down side is that they are American trailers, voiced by
one of those Trailer Voice Guys who says every line in a mock
heroic voice and is given to reading out what is on screen.
"Above the clouds" says the graphic at the start
of the Castle trailer, which immediately
prompts Trailer Voice Guy to say "Above the clouds!"
And so on. These trailers are also for the dubbed versions,
and since both of these films have been messed with (unnecessary
extra dialogue and music) in this incarnation, true Ghibli
fans would be advised to skip them to avoid offence.
As
with the other Disney releases of Ghibli films, the movie
itself is introduced by Pixar director John Lassiter, whose
enthusiasm for the film is very genuine, but I would have
preferred a separate interview with him rather than have him
pop up and tell me I am "lucky" to be about to watch
the film. I know – I've seen it fourteen times! Just run the
film already!
The
Art of Spirited Away sounds exciting enough, but it was produced by Disney and
is actually a rather sickly EPK designed to promote the dubbed
version of the film. From the moment Jason Marsden, who voices
Haku in the redub and makes for a most irritating host, introduces
himself and points his finger to emphasise what he is saying,
you pretty much know what you're in for. Bits are interesting,
and Miyazaki himself is interviewed (though dubbed rather
than subtitled), and John Lassiter waxes lyrical over Miyazaki's
skill, which I am not going to argue with. It's interesting
to hear producer Toshio Suzuki explain that after numerous
offers Ghibli finally agreed to the Disney deal because they
said they would not change the films in any way. Oh really?
Check out the re-scored music in the dubbed Castle
in the Sky and the extra cat dialogue and different
songs in Kiki's Delivery Service. A lot of
time is spent watching the American cast redub a perfectly
fine Japanese soundtrack, which only served to remind me how
irritating the American track is.
Sneak
Peeks has trailers for a number of recent Disney works, plus the
aforementioned Ghibli acquisitions Castle in the Sky and Kiki's Delivery Service. Aspect ratios
vary from cropped 4:3 to 16:9, but none are anamorphic.
The
rest of the extras are on disc 2, and kick off with Behind
the Microphone, which covers similar ground to the section
in The Art of Spirited Away, which looked at the process of re-voicing the film. Once again this is irritating
stuff for purists, but is at least short at only 5 minutes
41 seconds. I did find it amusing in this day an age to hear
Kirk Wise, director of the English Translation, explain that
when the actors were redubbing the film they could see it
play on a monitor in front of them "in full colour."
Wow, now that's technology!
The Storyboard-to-Scene Comparison is a standard feature
on Ghibli releases, but the ten minutes offered here do not
compare well with the Japanese release or Buena Vista's own
UK region 2 disc, which has this feature for the whole film
(all Japanese Ghibli releases I have seen feature English
subtitles as standard). Many may find this of little interest,
but for artists and animators this is a compelling extra,
and having the whole film enables you to study chosen scenes
in this sort of detail, rather than just the one selected.
Having just spent two weeks laboriously storyboarding a shoot
myself, I take my hat off to anyone who can do this for a
living, but the storyboards here have a particular interest
because Miyazaki draws all of them himself.
The Nippon TV Special is a whole different story, and
almost justifies the disc's special edition status on its
own. Running at 42 minutes, this is a fascinating look behind
the scenes at Studio Ghibli, filmed for Japanese television
and almost unique on this DVD in that it has not been dubbed,
but subtitled. Despite the studio's international success
and the large team it now employs, there is still a sense
of a small cottage industry creating purely for the art and
the fun of it. The programme is driven by voice-over
(typical of Japanese TV documentaries, as is the almost constant
music score), and the structure is a little ramshackle at
times, but much of the content is priceless for Ghibli fans,
showing production meetings, artwork in progress, the process
adapting the real world to the fantasy world of the film (a
dog being fed a pill is videotaped at a local veterinary hospital,
then his movements are studied by the animators by re-running
the tape and are adapted into an animated sequence involving
Haku in dragon form), and even meal breaks – far from a trip
to the studio canteen, spaghetti or noodles are cooked up
in the animation offices by one of the animation team (they
take turns – even Miyazaki does his share) and eaten
on the job. Shot on 4:3 NTSC video, it is sometimes a little
lacking in definition and colour, but the content more than
makes up for this.
Finally
there are the Original Japanese Trailers, which are
presented 16:9 anamorphic with – and this is pleasing to see
– optional English subtitles. We are used to seeing trailers
for movies included as extras, but get this – there are close
to twenty-nine minutes' worth here. Just about every
trailer released in Japan, from teasers to full-blown previews,
are collected, though cannot be selected individually – they
run one after the other as a commentary-free featurette. Definitely
do not watch this before seeing the film.
Spirited
Away is a wondrous creation from one of modern cinema's
true masters, and at
the time of writing is the highest rated animated film – at
number 42 – on the Internet Movie Database top 250. It's
international success has not just helped bring Miyazaki's
distinctive style, and through DVD his back-catalogue of work,
to a wider audience, it has shown up the severe shortcomings
of most recent western animated features, and vividly illustrated
how comparatively shabby Disney's animated output has become.
As
a special edition this 2-disc set is a mixed bag – the storyboard-to-scene
comparison is a severely cut-down version of the one on the
Japanese disc, the two featurettes are heavily biased towards
the English language version and you have to fiddle around
with the menus to activate the original Japanese track and
English subtitles. But there is still enough to bring deep
joy to the Miyazakai fans out there – the film looks and sounds
fine, the Nippon TV special is a behind-the-scenes treat and
the collection of trailers is, to put it mildly, exhaustive.
If you're in the UK, then go for the region 2 disc – the storyboard-to-screen
comparison runs for the whole film, and you get a trailer
for the next studio Ghibli production, Neko no onegaeshi (The Cat Returns). Whatever version you go
for, though, this is a must-own film for anyone, as Miyazaki
intended, who is, was, or will be 10 years old.
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