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"He
tilted back in the decaying lawn chair, almost went over on his
back, and used up some more of his screwdriver. The screwdriver
was in a glass he had gotten free from a McDonald's restaurant.
There was some sort of purple animal on the glass. Something called
a Grimace. Gary ate a lot of his meals at the Castle Rock McDonald's,
where you could still get a cheap hamburger. Hamburgers were good.
But as for the Grimace
... and Mayor McCheese ... and Monsieur Ronald
Fucking
McDonald ... Gary Pervier didn't give a shit for any
of them." |
|
Cujo – Stephen
King |
There's
a lovely moment in Terry Zwigoff's superb documentary Crumb where the subject of the film, cartoonist Robert Crumb,
observes with undisguised disgust the parade of human
billboards that pass him in the street, teenagers with t-shirts proclaiming
their admiration not for a particular musical artist
or film, but for a multi-national corporation.
Man, I cheered at this. In a world where these corporations
spend millions each year on a wide range of advertising
strategies, here are people openly willing to participate
in this promotional onslaught. But they're not doing it for a share of
this advertising budget. No sir. By handing
over money for these t-shirts and baseball caps, they
are freely and willingly paying these big corporations for the privilege of advertising their tawdry goods. This has to be one of the most depressing triumphs
of modern corporate capitalism, not just
that it has created a ubiquitous brand image, but
that its has somehow managed to convince an army of
devoted drones to hand over its money and spread the
word for them.
The
rise of the oversized multi-national corporation is increasingly
being recognised as counter to everything that they and their
often vocal supporters claim to represent. Those who champion
global capitalism repeatedly claim that government ownership
of industry is bad and private ownership is good, but
when one company – one huge, bloated corporate giant – makes the operating system that sits on the vast majority
of the world's computers, can this really be seen as
a good thing? With no chance of anyone offering serious
competition, just what is the advantage in this being
in private rather than government hands, aside from
the ability to spread beyond national borders and make
countries throughout the world dependant on a product
that is made in the USA? Ah, now there's the rub.
Which
brings us to McDonald's. I see no reason to be coy –
I've never liked this company or anything it stands for. As
someone who tries to eat a reasonably balanced diet
and bemoans the creeping destruction of the NHS, I worry about
the way the UK seems to be following the US down the
road to junk food-fed mass obesity. As a lover of all
aspects of local culture around the world, I detest walking
down a street in Osaka, Krakow, Cologne or Paris,
or any other fabulous city you care to name, and seeing
nationally based and often historical architecture blighted
by the garish red and yellow plastic monstrosity that
is the average McDonald's shop front. As a union steward
of some fifteen years standing I get angry at the blatant
exploitation of under-qualified labour and the knock-on
effect it has on rights and wages throughout industry. And in these days where trade unions are struggling
with laws that almost always favour the employer, I am
immediately suspicious of any company that is openly
anti-union – just what are they trying to hide? And
as a believer in the notion of film as art and someone
who actually throws things at his TV
when bad commercials come on, I absolutely bloody HATE
that wretched McDonald's "I'm Lovin' it" promotional
campaign, paraded across seemingly every ad break by
a grim collection of corporate prostitutes from the
entertainment world, who as a consequence are – as noted by the sorely missed Bill Hicks – "off the artistic
A-list forever."
So
I'm not coming at this from a balanced viewpoint, and
if you have even half a conscience, neither should you.
These corporations spend billions on advertising and
PR to promote themselves, their products, and their viewpoint, and
even if you gathered all of the anti-corporate literature
and web sites and films in one place, there would still be
an enormous imbalance in favour of these multinationals.
Anyone who stands against the increasingly insipid rise
of these corporate monsters is OK in my book, and I thus
have a warm place in my heart for the likes of French
farmer Jose Bove, who in 1999 led a group of supporters
in an assault on a half-built McDonald's restaurant
in Millau. The action may have been a protest against
American taxes on French Roquefort cheese, but their
selected target was still seen as a comment on the social
and economic effects of such corporate leviathans have
on small businesses and communities throughout the world,
and Bove was elevated to the status of a national hero.
Given the notoriously litigious nature of such companies
and the huge resources that they have at their beck
and call (not to mention the friends they seem to have
in all the right high places), such
status is, I believe, fully justified. Bove was on t-shirts
in France, and that fills me with hope when so many
of those who should by rights be protesting against
these companies are using their own buying power to
go sloganeering for them. One company
that seems to have been particularly successful at this
technique is French Connection UK, which is somehow able to sell
their drab clobber to dunderheads simply because it
is emblazoned with their witless logo FCUK, which of
course looks at first glance like FUCK. Oh, how daring.
As nicely pointed out in a cartoon in Private Eye,
taking part in this sort of pay-to-participate corporate
advertising makes you a FCUKWIT.
But
I digress. McLibel is more than just
an amusing film title, it was the shorthand term used
to describe a genuinely extraordinary legal battle undertaken by two London Greenpeace protestors – gardener Helen
Steel and postman Dave Morris – against the full might
of the McDonald's legal machine, a case that the burger
giant was confident would be over in a three or four
weeks. McDonald's had served a libel writ on Steel and Morris for
distributing a pamphlet that accused the corporation
of, amongst other things, using advertising that exploits children, damaging the environment, contributing
to heart disease and cancer, and paying their workers
low wages. Now the usual way it worked was this: someone
says something that the McDonald's bigwigs don't like,
the company serves them a writ, and that someone
immediately apologises to avoid being taken to court
and sued for damages by a company with billions of dollars
at its disposal. Helen and Dave were offered the same
choice – apologise for what you said or we'll sue you
for libel. Helen balked idea of apologising, especially
as she believed that it was McDonald's that owed society
at large an apology, and no doubt to the company's complete
surprise, she and Dave flatly refused to play ball. The two
were taken to court, McDonald's with enough highly paid
legal experts to give even The Simpsons' Mr. Burns the heebie-jeebies, Helen and Dave representing themselves,
despite having no legal experience whatsoever.
Given these odds, it should have been a quickly arrived-at foregone conclusion. But no-one on the McDonald's
legal team was prepared for the sheer determination
and tenacity of the two defendants, and a trial that
began on 28th June 1994 did not conclude until 19 June
1997, having clocked up a staggering 313 days in court
and entered the Guinness Book of records as the longest
civil case in English legal history.
The sheer willpower and strength to take on this task
and see it through to the end is difficult for most of us to really
imagine, especially in a time where taking a principled stand is
something most people read about in history class. As
a union steward, I have fought my fair share of disciplinary
cases and remember one particularly nasty one which
involved four weeks of frantic preparation and two full
days of argument and evidence and witness interrogation
(most such cases last only a couple of hours). I felt physically
drained at the end of it. Two days? Helen and
Dave did this for three years. And they were
not dealing with the company management, but legal professionals
representing one of the most powerful corporations on
the planet. Now these are faces that should
be on t-shirts...
Site
regulars (and anyone who has really been keeping an
eye on the genre) will recognise the name Franny Armstrong
as the director of Drowned
Out, which was far and away one of the
best documentaries released anywhere last year. McLibel was made before Drowned Out and the DVD release was originally scheduled for late
2004, but a further twist to story prompted a re-edit
of the film to include additional footage of Helen and
Dave's victory in the European Court of Human Rights,
where they directly challenged the UK's libel laws.
Both cuts of the film have been included in this two-disc release,
handily giving us the opportunity to view the story
as it was told back in 1997 and how the intervening
eight years have shaped Armstrong's directorial style.
McLibel
– Two Worlds Collide (1997) was Franny Armstrong's
first feature, and this is not some film school graduate's
calling card. Armstrong freely admits she had no
initial interest in being a filmmaker, but was alerted
to the case by her father (who does work in the industry),
and despite having no budget and no commission, she got involved
in documenting the ongoing case and examining
the evidence that was crucial to it. In many ways this
has the feel of a first film, telling its story with
a relatively straightforward mixture of sit-down interview,
textual information, illustrative footage, dramatised
reconstructions, and spoken narration. There is none of the
visual pizzazz of Michael Moore or Morgan Spurlock,
something that may make the film seem a little too soberly
traditionalist for those who have discovered the wonders
of political documentary through the recent spate of
(mainly) American works, films that have connected with
a younger audience in part by borrowing a few tricks
from dramatic features and music videos. In addition,
there is a sense of incompleteness about some elements
– we never really get an understanding of why the trial took so long and I did not really get to know
Helen and Dave as well as I feel I'd like to have. But Armstrong's
real strength, also seen to great effect in Drowned
Out, is her ability to get great interviews
with interesting people and then economically select
just the right portions for inclusion.
In
some ways Helen and Dave are – in cinematic terms at
least – unexciting interviewees, being too genuinely
down-to-earth to perform for the camera. But this is
precisely their appeal – even emerging from the court
building on the final day of the trail to an applauding
crowd, they come across as two ordinary people overwhelmed at the response that their actions
have provoked. And when they talk, they are always worth listening to. There are plenty of other contributors,
including some real gems: the former Ronald McDonald
actor who likens this corporate clown to the Third Reich's
propaganda minister; corporate spy Fran Tiller (whose
interview is a small coup in itself), a real surprise
for anyone with set ideas of just what someone in such
a job would look and sound like; the agitated parent
who most eloquently expresses her annoyance at having
her child's fun day hijacked by Ronald and his heavies;
and Sue Dibb of the National Food Alliance, who outlines
what she nicely describes as 'Pester Power', something
pretty much every parent must have experienced (and
possibly given into) at one point.
There
is also some killer footage that has been pulled from
a variety of sources that really adds weight to the anti-corporate
argument, in particular the behind-the-scenes glance
at life for McDonald's counter employees, crammed into
a small working space and diving about frantically to
deliver orders in the shortest time possible, as the
words "actual speed" amusingly but pertinently
appear on screen. One of the most effective (and perfectly
timed) cutaways shows a huge tray of oily waste from
one of the restaurants being poured into a bin, an image that has prompted disgusted groans from everyone I have
shown it to. But the real coup-de-grace is supplied
by Helen, who secretly recorded meetings requested by
McDonald's executives late in the trial in an attempt
to negotiate a settlement. Made on a small pocket tape
recorder, this is the only actual recording of the two sides in discussion – it's no real surprise that Helen
and Dave come across as honest and principled, while the
McDonald's representatives seem arrogant and bullish. Mind
you, the McDonald's boys are equally ineffective on
camera – at the trial's conclusion their ill-chosen
representative has the oily face of a man who has been
eating all the wrong foods, a stark contrast to the
healthy-looking pair being cheered at another press
conference nearby.
Key
extracts from the trial are recreated as dramatic re-enactments,
which brought a smile of recognition to someone who
has also faked a courtroom on a zero budget by spotlighting
costumed characters in a darkened room. Inevitably theatrical
(the minimalist setting, the completely lack of background
noise, the rehearsed performances), they are nevertheless
invaluable for giving a clear sense of just how evasive
some witnesses could be, as well as the very real skill
with which Helen and Dave conducted their case. By having
them play themselves against trained actors, you also
get a flavour of what it was like for two ordinary people
to go up against slick professional witnesses. The biggest
surprise, though, is that these sequences were directed
by none other than Ken Loach, who agreed to get involved
after being contacted by the director. If you're going
to have a mentor on your first film...
McLibel may lack the structural polish of Drowned Out,
but like that film its real power lies in its effect
as a whole – it presents a very persuasive argument
that, in common with the later film, builds in strength as the
story unfolds. It does more than preach to the converted –
it informs, educates and inspires, and if you're not politically
active then this is one of the films that should persuade
you to get involved on some level. As such it makes
an excellent companion piece to Jennifer Abbott and
Mark Achbar's The Corporation and Morgan
Spurlock's seductively entertaining Super Size
Me, and shows that despite the rise of the
oversized multinational and the power they are able
to wield, resistance is still possible, and can begin
with one ordinary but principled person just saying
No.
The
feature version, McLibel – Two People Who Wouldn't
Say Sorry (2005) came about when Helen and
Dave, determined as ever, took the British government
to the European Court of Human Rights over the UK's
libel laws, concluding the final chapter of the McLibel
story and giving the film-makers the opportunity to
expand the first cut in order to include this triumphant postscript.
But this is not just an expanded version of the original,
it is a complete re-edit, a rare chance for the now more
experienced film-makers to rework the material into
what almost qualifies as a different film.
The
shift in style is signaled from the opening frames,
the simple title card of the original replaced by a
cod-Star Wars scrolling introduction
and a pacy score, followed by a snappily executed sequence
outlining the traditional response to the McDonald's
libel threat (which was a simple scrolling list and
voice-over in the original). The graphics are snazzier,
the pace is faster, and music more prominent,
though in a sometimes familiar manner – sinister notes
accompany talk of the activities of the corporate spies,
for instance. Structurally, there are also some noticeable
changes – the narration and factual captions are gone
and the story is told almost exclusively through interview
and illustrative footage, with scene bridges provided
by staged sequences of Helen filling in her diary. We
get more information on the activities of the London
Greenpeace group (responding to a gripe that Dave and Helen
had with the original cut), a wider selection of interviewees
– including Eric Schlosser, author of the hugely successful Fast Food Nation, whose contributions really
add weight – and an expansion of key areas covered in the original. The narrative flow is definitely
better on the new cut, with each scene leading naturally
onto the other, as sequences like the hijacking of the
play school fun day evolve seamlessly from the
preceding scene, though I did miss the very vocal views
of the annoyed parent from the first version. There
is a minor but interesting alteration to the sequence
involving extracts from the secret recordings made by Helen
of their meetings, when Shelby Yastrow and Dick Starmann's
names have been changed to Mr. X and Mr. Y. I have to
assume this was a pre-requisite to getting the film
screened on BBC4 or in cinemas, as the names remain
on the original cut and on the extra features. The
final chapter, being several years later, does have
the feel of an extended postscript, but provides a sense
of closure on the case and really emphasises the dedication
and hard work of these two extraordinary individuals.
It also makes for a great final scene, when they are
anxiously and at times irritably waiting for an email
that, when it arrives, is genuinely triumphant.
Overall
the new cut definitely has the edge – it has more detail,
a better narrative flow, gets us closer to Helen and
Dave as people, and provides a clearer idea of just why
the trial went on so long. There are nevertheless some
elements I missed from of the original version – I preferred
the simple and direct use of captions to deliver key
information rather than the diary entry links or the (long) notebook
entry for summing up the court findings, for example,
but by making both cuts available in the package this
is not really an issue. Both are
enlightening, inspiring and impressively made documentary works that demand
to to be seen, for the story they tell and the
viewpoint and information they so persuasively present. If the snappier
pace of the recut helps bring the film to a wider audience
then more power to it, and to Franny Armstrong and Spanner
Films for making it happen. The British political documentary
is alive and well and living in McLibel.
Shot
on a mixture of Betacam and mini DV and framed 4:3,
the video look is appropriate to the genre and the subject,
and in that respect this the transfer is pretty much bang on,
with contrast, colour and sharpness all fine. Compression
artefacts are at a minimum, and only really visible
in less well lit interiors.
The
Dolby 2.0 soundtrack is essentially a mono one on the
original cut, but the increase in the use of music on
the feature version identifies the track as stereo.
Both are very cleanly and effectively mixed, the music
in particular coming across very well through my sound
system.
As
with the Drowned
Out DVD, the small scale Spanner
Films seem determined to show up the bigger distributors
and studios by demonstrating just how a DVD should be
presented. This is a two disk set, disc 1 containing the
feature cut of the film and no extra features. They are
all on disc 2 and are plentiful in number and high in
quality.
The Commentary Track can be accessed
either via the Extras or the Audio Options menus, and
features the film's director Franny Armstrong, the McLibel
defendants Helen Steel and Dave Morris, Dave's son Charlie
(now 15 years old), one of the McSpotlight web designers
(to confuse the opposition they have all taken the name
'Jessie'), and director of the drama sequences, Ken Loach.
This is a great track, a really nice mixture of personal
anecdotes, technical details and background information
– indeed, Dave and Helen expand on the information provided
by the film to such a degree that watching the film with
the commentary track on is almost a separate documentary
in itself and proves an essential companion to the feature.
There is some lovely stuff here, much of it supplied by
the very upbeat Armstrong, who describes the film as "the
most inspiring thing I've ever done" and yet still
berates herself in a couple of places for things she now
feels are "amateurish." It is she who reveals
how they were able to legally use a McDonald's commercial
without obtaining the company's permission (as well as
borrowing Ken Loach, they also borrowed his lawyer), as well as outlining the problems encountered at the hijacked fun day, when
the McDonald heavies attempted to prevent her filming
with the hilarious explanation "Ronald doesn't want
you to film because he doesn't want the children to know
how he does his magic tricks," which works nicely
a metaphor for the company as a whole.
Charlie's contribution is both fun and pleasingly supportive,
Ken Loach picks holes in his direction and explains his
reasons for getting involved, and I instantly warmed to
Jessie's cheery anti-corporate enthusiasm. But it's Helen
and Dave's input that makes this so invaluable, their
matter-of-factness when delivering gobsmacking details
(their own summing up took 26 days!) only increasing
my admiration for their dedication and spirit.
As
with the one on the Drowned
Out DVD, this commentary features
an excellent technical aspect that should be on all multi-participant
commentary tracks – every time someone speaks after even
a just a short gap, a graphic appears on screen to identify
who they are, so there is never any confusion
over who we are listening to. Please, please will mainstream distributors learn from this.
The Extras menu is broken up into sections,
each of which has its own set of contents. The first, Secrets, has eight items.
Settlement
Meeting is 27 minutes of Helen's secret
recording of the meeting called by McDonald's bigwigs,
edited down from four hours of original tapes. This really
expands on the sections used in the film and gives a real
feel for how slimy these people can be, one of my favourite
moments being the suggestion of a 'charitable contribution'
if the two were willing to give something in return. I'll
bet. A very useful and informative listen, aided throughout
by very clear subtitles. The contributors are identified here
by name, rather than as 'Mr. X' or Mr. Y'.
The McPress Conference (7:15) consists of the whole of the press conference called by McDonald's following
the completion of the trial. This appeares to be very slightly
out of sync, at least on my system. Either way, for some
strange reason the words 'oily bastards' kept popping
into my head.
Amateur
Dramatics (6:22) features extracts from
the trial-run for the dramatic sequences, directed by
Armstrong and featuring her friends, family and colleagues,
as well as herself. There is an apologetic intro to this
sequence, but given the participants' lack of acting experience
they are actually pretty good. The inclusion of a couple
of out-takes gives us a welcome glance at Helen looking
like she's having a good time.
Interview
with Spy (5:20) gives us more of the interview
with corporate spy Fran Tiller.
Rejection
Letter presents six rejection letters from
the BBC, each giving weak reasons for not screening the
original cut of the film.
The
Leaflet is a reproduction of the original
1986 factsheet that started the case and the 2004 leaflet
that followed it, both reproduced large, but not large
enough to read.
The
Campaign is a textual history of the McLibel
campaign by Helen and Dave.
Commentary,
with McD's, dead & alive is effectively
a second commentary track, but a satirical if factually
based one, in which Franny Armstrong interviews a wide
variety of contributors, from the man who shaped McDonald's success, Ray Kroc, and former president of McDonald's in Japan, Den
Fujita, to such past world leaders as Mikhail Gorbachev
and Richard Nixon. Related quotes from all are read in
a range of sometimes Python-esque voices (all the work of Rob Newman) as if being delivered by those being quoted
from. I wasn't sure about this feature at first, as it felt initially
like an extended Rory Bremner sketch, but it
grew on me steadily as it progressed, in the main for
the sheer volume of sometimes outrageous claims being
made by some of the corporate turnips whose words we get
to hear. As with the main commentary track, all of
the, er, 'participants' are identified graphically on-screen
when they speak.
The
second section consists of eight Interviews, a mixture of extended versions of ones that appear in
the film and previously unseen material, and all are fascinating,
illustrating further Armstrong's talent for getting fine
interviews and asking the right questions. The interviewees
are Eric Schlosser (8:42 and terrific), author of The
McDonaldisation of Society George Ritzer (5:24 and
also very good), Fran Tiller (5:20 – the same interview
that appears under the Secrets section), physicist and activist Dr. Vandana Shiva (3:49
– not in the film and absolutely essential viewing), Mike
Mansfield QC (5:27 – great stuff), Keir Starmer QC, the
man who selflessly donated his services to Helen and Dave
for free (7:23), cattle rancher Howard Lyman (5:16) and
ex Ronald McDonald actor Geoffrey Giuliano (4:34 – "I
never had to eat the food – thank God.").
The
third section, Quiz, like the
one on the Drowned Out disk, is a wonderfully
barbed political dig that also delivers sometimes alarming
facts about the corporation and its products. Once again,
it's the incorrect answers that provide the humour – a
question about why the McDonald's UK Vice-President thought
it was environmentally friendly to dump burger packaging
in landfill sites offers as one possible answer, "So
little fluffy bunny rabbits can use the cartons for nest
building."
There
are 6 Deleted Scenes of varying
but in one case substantial length and absolutely worth
checking out. Starsbourg (13:08) shows
Franny, Helen and Dave at a London screening of the film
answering audience questions, commenting on Super
Size Me, traveling to Strasbourg and preparing
for the trial. This is an essential addition, in part for the
political aspects but mostly for getting us even closer
to Helen and Dave. Particularly interesting is when the
pair grab Franny's camera and turn it on her, but genuinely
alarming is Helen's stress-induced skin reaction that
allows her to write words on her arm merely by lightly
scratching it. Charlie (4:13) focuses
on Dave's son Charlie, who at 15 demonstrates a keen political
awareness and has already discovered the effectiveness
of collective action. Salads (1:38) has
Dave and Helen actually entering a McDonald's store to
look at McDonald's new 'healthy' menus. Evidence
Finishes (1:57) sees the pair emerge to await
the verdict and introduces us to Helen's mum and dad. Police and McD's (3:13) looks at the
protest movement against McDonald's and the relation between
them and the British police, who passed information about
the McLibel pair on to the corporation. Finally Sewage (1:01) discusses a particularly nasty hygiene problem
at one of the company's restaurants.
Production features a Making Of – Newspaper Article,
a textual reproduction of an article written by Franny
Armstrong and published in June 1998 in The Guardian on the problems of getting McLibel screened
on British TV.
Making
Of – Interview with Director (20:39) is
a relaxed conversation with the director on both McLibel
and Drowned Out and includes a brief
tour of her working environment/home. This interview also
appears on the Drowned
Out DVD.
The
main commentary track can also
be accessed here.
Credits is so much more than the usual quick textual listing of
the work of the main participants. Here we get listings
and amusing anecdotal information on those connected with
the film, the DVD, the music, the trial, and Spanner Films,
plus links to any other relevant extras on the DVD. It's
worth a look through, though I should point out that the
very helpful Lizzie Gillett has a blank page on the DVD
section! Maybe it's my player...
Filmography is a brief filmography of the work of Spanner Films, with
a link to the Drowned Out trailer.
Quotes has a number of positive press quotes about the film,
though some are very brief indeed ("Powerful."
– Time Out). The viewer quote on page 2 is more substantial.
The
sixth section, Trailers, has
trailers for McLibel, Drowned
Out, Super Size Me and The
Corporation, the opening 98 seconds of the upcoming Baked Alaska and short promotional videos
for the McSpotlight and oneworld.tv.
Finally
we have Photos (1:32), a short
montage of photographs taken during the campaign and set
to music.
The
original version of McLibel was a solidly
made and fascinating documentary on a case that did not
receive the press attention it should have, given its
importance and the David and Goliath imbalance of the
two sides. The new feature version expands on the original,
ups the pace, improves the narrative flow, and provides
a rousing conclusion to this remarkable story. To have
both versions in one set is welcome, but every one of
the plentiful and high quality extra features supplies
us with new information, and the package as a whole is
a wonderfully comprehensive and detailed overview of one
of the most important cases to be tried the UK courts
in modern times. It really is an excellent DVD that
puts many big studio releases to shame, and should be snapped
up by anyone with even a passing concern about the relentless
rise of the multi-national corporation. Director Franny
Armstrong, who after just two features is looking increasingly
like modern British political documentary's voice of conscience
and commitment, says on the commentary track that making McLibel was the most inspiring thing
she has ever done. It's no coincidence that this story
of two ordinary people, who took on one of the most powerful
corporations in the world and effectively won, is one
of the most inspiring things I have seen in some considerable
time. And remember, this was not a personal fight between
McDonalds and two anti-corporate protesters – Helen Steel
and Dave Morris were fighting for their right, for your right, to exercise free speech. So come on, get political,
get involved, and get this DVD.
The
disk can be bought directly from Spanner
Films.
You
can read more about the case by visiting the McSpotlight site, which is loaded with information on the case and
that corporation.
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