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"Do
you feel the people that did this were worshipping..." |
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"...Satan? Yes I do. Just look at the freaks. I mean, just look at them. They look like...punks." |
Paradise
Lost: The Child Murders at Robin Hood Hills |
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On
May 6 1993, the mutilated bodies of three eight-year-old
boys were found in a woodland area known as Robin
Hood Hills in the town of West Memphis in Arkansas.
The discovery sent shock waves throughout the local community
– parents were frightened to let their children
out unaccompanied, and the pressure was on the authorities to find the
killer or killers as fast as humanly possible. The very
next day police were interviewing possible suspects,
and less than a month later they announced that they
had arrested 17-year-old Jessie
Misskelley, 16-year-old Jason Baldwin and 18-year-old
Damien Echols, the claim being that the three had
murdered the boys as part of a satanic ritual.
Enter
filmmakers Joe Berlinger and Bruce Sinofsky, fresh from
the acclaim for their first documentary feature, Brother's
Keeper, with a commission from HBO to document
the case and the subsequent trial. Berlinger and Sinofsky
freely confess that they initially believed that the boys were
guilty and that they would be making "a real-life River's Edge." But as the trial
progressed it became clear that the case against the
three was full of alarming holes, and that the boys
were in danger of being convicted not on hard evidence,
but because they were perceived as different. 150 hours of footage and a year of editing later, the finished
film was screened to widespread acclaim, won a number of
prestigious awards, and in time became the rallying
cry for a support group campaigning for the release
of what became known as the West Memphis Three.
Though
the film effectively highlights what the makers came to firmly
believe was a woeful miscarriage of justice, those expecting
a polemic in the style of Michael Moore are in for a
surprise – Berlinger and Sinofsky's approach is remarkably
even-handed, giving equal screen time to both sides
of the case and never for a moment allowing us to forget
the truly horrible nature of the killings and its effect
on the families of the murdered children. This is established
from the off in the sometimes graphic extracts from
the police crime scene video that make up the opening
sequence and is carried through in sympathetic interviews
with the distraught families of the victims.
Viewed in retrospect, the access granted to the
filmmakers here is little short of astonishing. Covering
the trial itself with multiple cameras, they were also
allowed to record the strategy meetings of both the
prosecution and the defence councils, as well as sessions
with their clients, to a degree that later dismayed
members of he legal profession and simply would not
be permitted today. Berlinger and Sinofsky also befriended
the families of both the victims and the defendants,
resulting in some extraordinarily frank and intimate
interviews, some of which are genuinely upsetting to
watch. And so they should be. As things progressed,
the idea of making a real-life River's Edge gave way to a determination to record the impact of
this tragedy on the inhabitants of the small American
town in which the crime was committed, with the focus then shifting again to include an examination
of the damaging effects of prejudice on justice.
If
this level of access and the non-partisan approach were
not remarkable enough, we have the trial itself. Initially,
there's a sense is that this is all cut and dried, with Damien
and Jason implicated by a confession from Jessie.
But there are problems here, as despite being 17 years of age at the time of the arrest, Jessie
has an IQ of just 72, and it becomes clear that the
confession was at least partly the result of police badgering
and coercion. It also emerges that there is no actual
evidence linking any of the suspects to the murders,
and that the entire case against Damien and Jason centres
on the suggestion that they killed the boys as part
of a satanic ritual. The evidence for this? Well, Damien
dresses in black, listens to Metallica, reads Stephen King novels, and is aware of
the work of Alistair Crowley.
In the eyes of this deeply religious and traditionalist
community, this marks him as a freak and an outsider, and
probably capable of just about anything.
As
the trial progresses, the flaws in the prosecution case
start to pile up – the lack of blood at the crime scene,
the impossibility of inflicting a precision mutilation
in the dark, the complete absence of mosquito bites
on any of the suspects when the murder site was infested
with these insects. Even council jaws drop when it is
revealed that a blood-soaked suspect was not investigated in any detail, and that
there was no test done on his blood because the only sample taken was lost by the testifying officer. But even
as the prosecution case begins to resemble a Salem witch
trial, Berlinger and Sinofsky maintain an extraordinary
level of balance, with Damien in particular emerging
as his own worst enemy, never really protesting his
innocence or the ludicrous nature of the charges to
the extent you would expect from an innocent man (though
the commentary reveals that this was at least partly
due to the instruction of his council), preening himself
before a hand-held mirror in court, and soundly tripped up in the witness box by prosecution questioning. The film even ends on
a speech from Damien that was doubtless instrumental in convincing a portion of the audience of his guilt.
No doubt about it, these are three troubled kids, but not one piece of evidence emerges to connect them
with the murder or suggest they have ever been involved
in violence against others. Even the attempts
to link them to some sort of satanic cult have no substance
at all, the result of what is nicely described by the
defence council as 'satanic panic'.
Berlinger and Sinofsky's
largely impartial handling allows us to discover all this for ourselves and draw
our own conclusions about the case, which has led to
what the directors estimate as about twenty percent
of the audience believing that the three are guilty.
Either way, Paradise Lost: The Child Murders
at Robin Hood Hills is a phenomenal documentary
work, for the case, for its level of detail, for some
very canny courtroom camerawork, and for being so sympathetic
to both sides of the story, for its behind-the-scenes
glimpse at the working of the legal profession. It also, more worryingly, shows that even in the 1990s it is possible for
the justice system of the world's largest democracy to convict a person of a capital crime
without a shred of plausible evidence connecting them to
it. Even at 150 minutes it never for a second
feels overlong, and though sometimes supremely uncomfortable
and even upsetting, it is never less than compelling
cinema.
Revelations: Paradise Lost 2 |
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Four
years after the release of the first film, Berlinger
and Sinofsky returned to West Memphis to make this follow-up
documentary, and discovered that a great many things had changed in the intervening years. The families of the
victims, with whom the filmmakers had previously had good relations, had been unhappy
with the even-handed nature of the first film, and
all refused to co-operate this time round.
The notable exception is John Mark Byers, the stepfather
of one of the murder victims and the first film's most
colourful character, and the man that in the eyes of the accused
and their families had himself become a focus of suspicion
for the murders. Berlinger
and Sinofsky were also denied access to the court proceedings, and almost
none of the lawyers involved in the appeals process
were willing to be filmed. On top of
that, Berlinger and Sinofsky, now convinced of the innocence
of all three boys, had decided to abandon their previously
unbiased approach and throw their weight firmly behind
the campaign to free them. Clearly, despite a strong
similarity of tone, this was going to be a very different
film.
It
has to be said up front that while Revelations is unquestionably a strong work, it inevitably stands
in its predecessor's shadow. It has little of the widespread
and detailed access that made The Child Murders
at Robin Hood Hills so remarkable, and the
filmmakers' very focused viewpoint does tend to narrow
their field of vision, although the non-co-operation
of the victim's families is obviously a factor here. Where
the film does get into potentially problematic territory
is in its handling of John Mark Beyers, who here takes
his performing for the camera to new heights and at
times seems to be staging whole speeches and activities
specifically to be viewed by Damien Echols. This does
raise the question of whether he is faking the whole
angry and distraught father act or simply reveling in
the cinematic attention he is receiving, and just occasionally he comes across
as a borderline nutball. Accusations fly from the convicted
three and their families about Beyers' possible involvement
in the killings, and the editing structure suggests at times that the filmmakers are also leaning into this viewpoint. This can't help but feel a little uncomfortable
when you consider that it's not hard evidence that seems to put Beyers in the frame
but his perceived abnormality, the very thing that convicted
Damien Echols in the first place.
Nonetheless,
the film prompts pause for thought on both sides, with much
of the new information coming from criminal profiler
Brent Turvey, who joins the defence team pro bono
and quickly dismisses the idea that the genital mutilation
of the victims was a skilled operation, something that contradicts
a strategy used by original defence team to show that
this could not have been done the accused. His seemingly crucial
observation of a bite mark on one of the victims, which
matches the dental impressions of none of the three
convicted of the crime, also falls on deaf legal ears. It cannot be compared to Beyers' own bite because he has since
lost every tooth in his mouth, the reasons he
gives for which vary depending on who he is speaking
to. Members of the West Memphis Three Support Group
are presented in a gleamingly positive light, and indeed
present their arguments with considerable confidence
in their dealings with Beyers and the press. Damien,
although visually transformed, remains surprisingly
low key about the whole affair, though details of his
early days in prison provide good reason for his apparent weariness.
Revelations is not as revelatory as the title suggests, and though
a solid piece of work is essentially a postscript to
the first film rather than a work of equal stature.
Its detailed look at the work being done to overturn
the convictions is in itself encouraging given the
outrageous nature of the original trial, but time is
now running out. With the appeal hearing chaired by
the very same judge as the earlier trial, the three
never really had a chance, and as Damien's last hope of avoiding execution draws near, Paradise
Lost 3 – which will likely be the final chapter
in the story, however it ends – is already in production.
I, for one, am waiting with bated breath.
Framed
in their original aspect ratios of 1.33:1 and shot largely
on 16mm, with video footage for the courtroom scenes
in the first film and the lie detector sequence in the
second, this is a very respectable pair of transfers,
with sharpness, colour and contrast all very pleasing,
and grain, though evident, never intrusive or distracting.
When you consider the state of some 35mm transfers,
the job done here is admirable.
It should be noted that the transfer here are NTSC rather than the UK PAL standard. Though this is
something owners of older, single standard TVs should
be aware of, it does avoid any of those NTSC to PAL
conversion issues, and is one of the reasons the transfer
here looks so dapper.
Both
films sport Dolby 2.0 stereo soundtracks that are clear and well mixed. The front speaker spread is quite
good, but at its best when Metallica's music fills
the soundtrack – impressively, they donated their
tracks for free because they admired Brother's
Keeper and believed in what Berlinger and
Sinofsky were trying to do.
As
if providing both films in the same package were not enough,
Warp Films have graced this two disk set with a couple
of extras, the first of which is a real beauty.
On
disc one, an audio commentary is provided by directors Joe Berlinger and Bruce Sinofsky,
and it's an absolute humdinger. Recorded specifically
for this DVD on April 20th 2005, the pair talk without
pause for the full 150 minutes of the first film and provide
so much information about the production, the case, the
trial, the participants, and the community that for a while they became a part of, that my notes on it went on for
seven packed pages. There seems little point in reeling off all
of the things that make this such an essential extra,
save to say that the expansion of information provided
by the two was like having a whole new 150 minute documentary
on the case to mull over. Looking at my notes the thing
that stands out instantly are the words, written in large
capitals halfway through: "This is a great commentary!"
Listen to the note book! If you've already seen the film
and found the story it told even remotely interesting, the
commentary alone, for my money at least, makes this release
worth the purchase.
On
disc 2 there is a Special Features section, but when you
go into it you are presented with just one option, to
'Play Special Features', a misleading plurality given
that there is just one such feature. Murder,
Witches and Capital Punishment (21:46) consists
of extracts from a presentation by Dennis Riordan to the
Bar Association of New York on March 31st 2005. This is
shot hand-held on 4:3 DV video with the sound recorded
using the on-camera microphone, resulting in some issues
caused by room acoustics and camera motor and handling
noise. The framing is a bit iffy and the transfer
displays plenty of compression artefacts, and the sound appears to be slightly out of sync with
the picture. To be honest, the extracts
reveal little that anyone who has seen the films and
listened to the commentary will be surprised by, though
the presentation of censored jurors' charts, and discussion
of the influence of the supposedly inadmissible confession
on their verdict is of interest. It also gives us our
only look at Damien Echols' new wife.
If
you have even a passing interest in the documentary format
or in how justice can and is miscarried in modern day
western society, then Paradise Lost: The Child
Murders at Robin Hood Hills is essential viewing,
and by association Paradise Lost 2: Revelations is an important and fascinating companion piece. By packaging
the two films together – and at 150 minutes and 130 minutes
respectively, these are substantial works – for the price
of a single disc, Warp Films have done both films proud,
with the inclusion of a superb commentary track for the first film proving the icing
on the cake. Only available in the UK at present, with
a wider European release planned for October/November,
it's something of a surprise that this package is not
available in the country in which it was made – at present,
somewhat perversely, only the second film is available
on DVD in the US. But then this could well be part of
Warp Films' strategy in releasing an NTSC print on a disk
with no regional coding, enabling it to be played without
problem on Stateside machines. Wherever you're watching,
this has to be one of the must-buy disks of the year.
Full marks, Warp Films.
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